Proceedings The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research (1994)
Kyoto, May 17, 1994

NO	Theme	Reporter	Position	P
1	Oyster Glycogen : Fine Structure and Enzymic Degradation Oy-Ex Discussion	Akira Misaki and Motoko Matsui	Osaka City University	1-
3	Requirements, Feed Supplementation and Toxicity Assessment of Essential Trace Metals such as Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Vanadium	Tatsuo Hamada	Laboratory of Trace Elements Nutrition, National Institute of Animal Industry	37-
4	Relationships between Urinary Selenium Concentrations and Allergy like Symptoms in Japanese Students	Yoji Deguchi,(1), Yukinori Kusaka(1) and Yasuhiro Takagi	(1)Department of Environmental Health, Fukui Medical School (2)Testing Division, Fukui Prefectural Health Center	45-
5	Variation of Selenium Content in Seed Crops Due to Difference in Their Growing Places	Munehiro Yoshida(1), Tatsuhiko Ando(2), Hiroshi Tachi(2)	(1)Department of Pubic Health, Kansai Medical University (2)Department of Brewing and Fermentation, Junior college of Tokyo University of Agriculture	49-
6	Accumulation of selenium in tumor tissue of brain	Z.Zhang, M.Kimura, Y.chinen, Z Zhu, Y Itokawa	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University	53-
7	Insulin-mimetic Action of Selenium Compounds	Masami Nakai, Chikako Fujiwara and Hiromu Sakurai	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University	57-
8	A Novel Peptide SeCys-Gly-Pro-Cys, An Active Site Model of Thioredoxin: Synthesis and Glutathione Peroxidase-like Activity	Nobuyoshi Esaki, Takashi Tamura and Kenji Soda	Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University	63-
9	Study on Plasma Vitamin K Concentration of Rat Cannulated in Portal and Femoral Veins	Naomasa Sakamoto(1), Mieko Kimura(1), Hidekazu Hiraike(2) and Yoshinori Itokawa	(1)Dept. of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (2)Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, Suzuka University of Medical Science and Technology	71-
10	Down Regulation of Myeloperoxidase(MPO) Gene Induced by Vitamin A or Vitamin D	Yu Hosokawa(1), Ryuji Kawaguchi(2), Kazumasa Hikiji(2), Tomiko Yoshihara(3), Michiyuki Yamada(4), Teiichiro Shiino(1) and Masayuki Totani(1)	(1)The National Institute of Health and Nutrition (2)Genetic Research Laboratory, SUR (3)School of Home Economics, Tokyo Kansai University (4)Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Yokohama City University	77-
11	Protective effect of dietary Vitamin C and Vitamin E against ozone induced damage of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)	Kenji Fukunaga, Tetsuya Suzuki and Kozo Takama	Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University	83-
12	Effect of Biotin of Palatal Development of Mouse Embryos In Vitro	Toshiaki Watanabe	Department of hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine	89-
13	Effect of dietary myo-inositol on metabolic changes in lipids in rats fed sucrose	Tetsuyuki Katayama	Laboratory of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University	97-
14	An Interaction between Ganglioside and Neurotrans-Amines	Tatsuo Ido, Susumu Sasaki and Michiko Adachi	Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University	101-
15	Relationship between Blood Test Value and Total Body Fat by BIA Method	Yoshikazu Matsuda(1), Yukihiro Ibuki(2), Tosiaki Tokura(3), Takao Ohta(4), Masahiro Nakatsuka(4), Yukio Shibata(5) and Masataka Yoshino(4)	(1)Japan Clinic Co., Ltd., Central Research Institute (2)Ibuki Hospital (3)Tokura Hospital (4)department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University (5)Formerly Aichi Medical University	107-
16	On the Antioxidants in the Extracts of Rooibos Tea	Masatoshi Yoshino(1), Y. Ito(1), Toshiaki Mizuno(1), Mikinori Sugawara(2)	(1)Institute of Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University (2)Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University	113-
17	Effect of Whey Mineral Complex on Bone Metabolism in Rats	Kenichi Tsuruta, Miho Hirabayashi, Tohru Matsui, Hideo Yano	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University	117-
18	Mineral changed with age in bone of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)	Akemi Morita, Mieko Kimura and Yoshinori Itokawa	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University	121-
19	Evaluation on ionized calcium as a nutrient	H. Chen, Mieko Kimura, Z. Zhu, Yoshinori Itokawa	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University	131-
20	Absorption, and balance of minerals in elderly people	Toyoko Okuda(1), Hiroko Miyosi-Nishimura(1), Takako Tomoda(1), Toshiko Matsudaira(1), Hideo Konishi(1) and Daisuke Fujita(2)	(1)Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University (2)Kyoto Interdisciplinary Institute of Community Medicine	139-
21	Iron Overload Secondary to Selenium Deficiency Changes the Electrocardiographic Pattern in Rats	Nawarth Chareonpong-Kawamoto and Kyoden Yasumoto	Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University	145-
22	Hemoglobin Regeneration in Anemic Rats by Feeding Hemosiderin as Source of Iron	Ratchanee Kongkachuichai and Kyoden Yasumoto	Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University	151-
23	Effect of Low Dietary Rubidium on Trace Element Status in Rats	Katsuhiko Yokoi, Mieko Kimura and Yoshinori Itokawa	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto University	157-
24	Insulin-mimetic Action of Vanadyl Complexes and Distribution of Vanadium	Hiromi Watanabe, Masami Nakai Kyoko Kawakawa and Hiromu Sakurai	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University	161-
25	Effects of Zinc Deficiency On Body Composition of Rats in Different Growth Stages	Ilyas A., Matsui T., Yano H.	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University	167-
26	Behavior of Magnesium in Magnesium deficient Mice using No-carrier-Added Magnesium-28	Syuichi Kimura(1), Kenichi Nakatsugawa(1), Michiko Kitahara(1), Tomoko Hori(1), Miyuki Fujisaki(1), Mieko Kawamura(2), Ran Iwata(3), Yoshihito Funaki(3), Tatsuo Ido(3)	(1)Syowa Women's University (2)Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University (3)Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University	171-

SUMMARY 1

NO	11-1
Theme	Oyster Glycogen: Fine Structure and Enzymic Degradation
Reporter	Akira misaki, Motoko matsui
Position	Osaka City University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.33-37
Summary	Glycogen was prepared from the fresh oyster (Crassostrea gigas), collected every month from June 1990 to April 1991, cultured in Hiroshima day, and the precise α-1, 4- unit-chain distributions of different glycogen preparations were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) after complete debranching with isoamylase. The unit chains of the glycogen, in average chain length (CL), 10 -11 was found to distribute in a range of G2-35 (G7-G12, predominant). However, there was a distinct difference in the pattern of unit-chain distributions between summer (spawning season) and autumn to winter (edible season). The fine structure of oyster glycogen (A : B-chains, 0.7 : 1) was elucidated mainly by repeating of the enzymic trimming, which involves in stepwise degradation by β- amylase and pullulanase, and quantitative analysis by HPAEC. The result showed that the multi-branched spherical molecule might be formed by 5 or 6 times inter-linking of the unit-chains (B-chains). In the nutritional view point, the oyster glycogen was hydrolyzed by salivaly (human) and / or pancreatic (hog) α-amylase, and the enzymic digest (amylolysis limit, 48%) was analyzed by HPAEC. There were produced a variety of maltosaccharides including double branched oligosaccharides. They were gradually hydrolyzed by the intestinal glucosidase (rat) to glucose, though small amounts of branched oligosaccharides appear to remain as non-digestible saccharides.

SUMMARY 3

NO	11-3
Theme	Requirements, Feed Supplementation and Toxicity Assessment of Essential Trace Metals such as Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Vanadium
Reporter	Tatsuo Hamada
Position	Laboratory of Trace Elements Nutrition, National Institute of Animal Industry
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.37-44
Summary	To obtain better reproductive efficiency in cows, plasma Se suggested to be more than 70 ppb. To attain such a high plasma Se concentration the dietary Se concentration must be increased to 0.3 ppm by Se supplementation. In order to supplement Se it is necessary to amend the present law that designates all Se-containing substances as toxic and prohibits the Se usage for feed supplementation. The governmental guidance for Cu and Zn supplementation to swine rations are questionable from a nutritional standpoint because the recommended upper Cu supplementation level is too low to be effective for the improvement of body weight gain and feed efficiency in growing and fattening pigs, and the recommended upper Zn level in composts is also too low, which makes the Zn supplementation to swine rations almost as difficult. However, the Zn requirement fore pigs is relatively high and Zn is essentially nontoxic. V also faces the dichotomy of begin either an essential nutrient or a radical-producing element accumulated in the kidneys.

SUMMARY 4

NO	11-4
Theme	Relationships between Urinary Selenium Concentrations and Allergy like Symptoms in Japanese Students
Reporter	Yoji Deguchi(1) ,Yukinori Kusaka(1)and Yasuhiro Takagi(2)
Position	(1)Department of Environmental Health, Fukui Medical School (2)Testing Division, Fukui Prefectural Health Center
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.45-48
Summary	A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate whether urinary selenium (Se) concentrations are related to allergy like symptoms in Japanese students. Void urine samples were collected from 180 male and 265 female students (18-36 years) in Fukui Prefecture. Their personal and family history of medical treatments for allergy and current statuses of allergy like symptoms were asked by a questionnaire. Urinary Se level adjusted for creatinine concentration (Se/Cr) was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.001). Although urinary Se-Cr level showed no significant relationship to personal or family history of allergy, it was significantly higher in students with asthmatic symptoms than in students without such symptoms both for males (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.05), respectively Furthermore, younger onset (below the age of 15) and multiplicity of suffering organs (dermal, nasal, ocular, and/ or respiratory) showed increasing effects on urinary Se/Cr level in females but not in males. Thus, our results indicate that urinary Se concentrations can be higher in those who have asthmatic symptoms and especially in women who have chronic allergy like symptoms.

SUMMARY 5

NO	11-5
Theme	Variation of Selenium Content in Seed Crops Due to Difference in Their Growing Places
Reporter	Munehiro Yoshida(1), Tatsuhiko Ando(2), Hiroshi Tachi(2)
Position	(1)Department of Pubic Health, Kansai Medical University (2)Department of Brewing and Fermentation, Junior college of Tokyo University of Agriculture
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.45-48
Summary	Selenium was determined in rice imported from USA. China or Thailand, and wheat bran, domestic soybean and soybean imported from USA. China Brazil, Argentina or Canada. Irrespective of country of import, most imported from USA or Canada more than 50 ng/g of selenium. Bran derived from hard wheat imported from USA or Canada had more than 700 ng/g of selenium, while domestic wheat bran had less than 40 ng/g of selenium. Several imported soybean specimens had more than 200 ng/g of selenium, while most of the domestic soybean had less than 100 ng/g of selenium. However, the IOM soybean, which was imported from the USA and is the most important material for the soybean with high selenium was one used for oil production. These findings indicate that there is no difference between imported and domestic rice in selenium content, American or Canadian hard wheat has high selenium, and most soybean used for the food production in Japan has less than 100ng/g of selenium whether domestic or imported.

SUMMARY 6

NO	11-6
Theme	Accumulation of selenium in tumor tissue of brain
Reporter	Z.Zhang, M.Kimura, Y.chinen, Z Zhu, Y Itokawa
Position	Insulin-mimetic Action of Selenium Compounds
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.49-56
Summary	Eighteen weaning male Wistar rats were produced glioma in brain and were divided into three groups, which received selenium(sodium selenite)0,2,5 ppm in drinking water. The accumulation and retention of selenium in brain bearing tumor was investigated. Significant higher concentrations of selenium were observed in tumor tissue than normal brain tissue after exposure to sodium selenite. The difference in selenium concentration between the tumor tissue and contralateral normal brain tissue was not influenced by the weight of body, and water consumption. We observed that selenium was accumulated in the tumor tissue more than in normal brain tissue.

SUMMARY 7

NO	11-7
Theme	Insulin-mimetic Action of Selenium Compounds
Reporter	Masami Nakai, Chikako Fujiwara and Hiromu Sakurai
Position	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.57-61
Summary	The abnormality in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is hyper-glycemic due to deficiency of insulin. The diabetes is now controlled by daily injections of insulin, then the development of compounds that are insulin replacement or insulin mimetics is essential. During the investigations of physiological activities of selenium (Se) compounds, we found that selenite which is the +4 oxidation state of selenium has a good insulin-like action, as evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Normalizations of both blood glucose and free fatty acids (FAA) levels of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats (STZ-rats) were found when they received daily ip injection of both sodium selenite (+4 Se) or sodium selenate (+6 Se). However, sodium selenite was effective to inhibit FAA release from isolated rats adipocytes treated with epinephrine. Based on these results, selenite or selenide, which is a reduced from of Se in sells, was proposed to be an active from of selenium in providing the insulin-mimetic action of selenium compounds.

SUMMARY 8

NO	11-8
Theme	A Novel Peptide SeCys-Gly-Pro-Cys, An Active Site Model of Thioredoxin: Synthesis and Glutathione Peroxidase-like Activity
Reporter	Nobuyoshi Esaki, Takashi Tamura and Kenji Soda
Position	Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.63-70
Summary	A tetrapeptide, Secys-Gly-Pro-Cys, is a selenium analog of the peptide moiety at the active site of thioredoxin, which forms an intermolecular 14-membered disulfide loop structure in the oxidized state. We have synthesized the selenium-containing tetrapeptide, and studied its glutathione peroxidase-like activity. The tetrapeptide showed glutathione peroxidase-like activity, which was three times higher than those of glutaselenone and diphenyldiselenide. The high catalytic activity is considered to be due to the intermolecular selenosulfide bond formation in the catalysis.

SUMMARY 9

NO	11-9
Theme	Study on Plasma Vitamin K Concentration of Rat Cannulated in Portal and Femoral Veins
Reporter	Naomasa Sakamoto(1), Mieko Kimura(1), Hidekazu Hiraike(2) and Yoshinori Itokawa(1)
Position	(1)Dept. of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (2)Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, Suzuka University of Medical Science and Technology
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.71-76
Summary	Fifty μ mol/kg body weight phylloquinone (K1) and menaqunone-4 (MK-4) were administered perorally to rats cannulated in portal and femoral veins. Two hundred μl of blood was collected from both the veins 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min, later. Fifty μl of plasma was used to measurement of vitamin Ks with high performance liquid chromatography. After the administration of K1 or MK-4, only the same chemical species of Vitamin K administered were detested during the experiment. After the administration of K1 and MK-4 mixture, K1 appeared in plasma from 15 min, MK-4 from 10 min, and MK-4 concentration was significantly higher than that of K1 from 15 min up to 60 min. There was no difference significant in plasma vitamin K concentrations between portal and femoral veins. The concentration of K1 at 120 min of the mixed dose was 1.3 times as high as that of single dose. In contrast, the concentration of MK4 at 120 min of the mixture dose was 0.5 times as high as that of single dose, These result suggest that the main absorption route of MK-4 may be an extra-portal pathway, MK-4 is absorbed faster than K1, and some interactions may be present between K1 and MK-4.

SUMMARY 10

NO	11-10
Theme	Down Regulation of Myeloperoxidase(MPO) Gene Induced by Vitamin A or Vitamin D
Reporter	Yu Hosokawa(1), Ryuji Kawaguchi(2), Kazumasa Hikiji(2), Tomiko Yoshihara(3), Michiyuki Yamada(4), Teiichiro Shiino(1) and Masayuki Totani(1)
Position	(1)The National Institute of Health and Nutrition (2)Genetic Research Laboratory, SRL (3)School of Home Economics, Tokyo Kansei University (4)Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Yokohama City University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.77-81
Summary	The differentiation-related down regulation of MPO gene was studied in two human myeloid leukemic cell lines. The MPO gene was also strongly expressed in monocytic cell line SKM-1. Exposure of HL-60 or SKM-1 cells to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) resulted in a remarkable decrease of MPO mRNA levels. The MPO mRNA levels in SKM-1 cells decreased faster than those in HL-60 cells after exposure to ATRA. Exposure of HL-60 cells to 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) resulted in a time-dependent decrease of MPO mRNA levels. While, no decrease of MPO mRNA levels was observed in SKM-1 cells. The increase in c-fms mRNA levels was observed in SKM-1 after two days exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3. The percentage of NBT positive cells in SKM-1 cells was also increased after 4 days exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3.

SUMMARY 11

NO	11-11
Theme	Protective effect of dietary Vitamin C and Vitamin E against ozone induced damage of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Reporter	Kenji Fukunaga, Tetsuya Suzuki and Kozo Takama
Position	Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.83-88
Summary	During the course of the study on the oxidative damage in fishes, we previously revealed that the primary target organ of ozone toxicity to fish was not gill injury but rather red blood cells (RBC). Then decrease of blood antioxidative substances were observed. However, the effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E against ozone-induced damage has remained unrevealed. In this study, we examined the protective effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E against ozone induced damage of rainbow trout. The fish weighing about 65g average, were fed experimental diets containing Vitamin C (V.C; 100mg/100g diets), Vitamin E (V.E 50mg/100g diets) and V.E-V.C mixture (V.C/E; V. C 100mg and V.E 50mg/100g diets) for 10 days. Level of V.C and V.E in plasma and RBC were directly reflected to diets. Fish in ozone exposure group were intermittently exposed to high concentration ozonated water (1.5ppm) for 45 min. Control group turned moribund condition by ozone exposure, but V.C, V.E and V.C/V.E dietary group were little affected by ozone exposure. Then V.C,V.E and V.C/E suppressed RBC hemolysis, membrane lipid peroxidation and decline of Na+/K+ ATPase activity by ozone exposure. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of V.C and V.E can be effective protection against oxidative ozone damage.

SUMMARY 12

NO	11-12
Theme	Invitro Effect of Biotin of Palatal Development of Mouse Embryos In Vitro
Reporter	Toshiaki Watanabe
Position	Department of hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.89-95
Summary	The palatal development of mouse embryos on day 12 of gestation was studied by a suspension culture technique of the maxilla. In palatal explants of control embryos after 72 hours in culture, the fusion of palatal processes was significantly increased to about 80% in biotin-supplemented medium (more than 10-8M), as compared with 27% in the biotin-free medium. Organic acids associated with biotin enzymes such as propionic acid and methyl crotonic acid, as well as avidin affected the development and fusion of palatal processes. In biotin-deficient palatal explants, the incidence of the palatal fusion was only 30% even in biotin-supplemented medium (10-6M).The development of biotin-deficient palatal processes was not completely recovered by biotin-free medium. These findings indicate that biotin plays an important role as a growth factor in the development of palatal processes and/or that organic acid may interfere with palatal development in biotin-deficient embryos.

SUMMARY 13

NO	11-13
Theme	Effect of dietary myo-inositol on metabolic changes in lipids in rats fed sucrose
Reporter	Tetsuyuki Katayama
Position	Laboratory of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.97-100
Summary	The effect of dietary addition of myo-inositol on lipid metabolism was examined in rats fed diets containing either sucrose or cornstarch for 16-17 days. Sucrose-fed rats showed significant increases in hepatic weight, total lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol and serum triglyceride, accompanied by the increased activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme compared to rats fed corn starch diet. The increases in these parameters due to sucrose feeding were clearly depressed by dietary myo-inositol. Sucrose intake also increased serum level of phospholipid, but the effect was not influenced by dietary myo-inositol. In the animals fed cornstarch, dietary myo-inositol had no apparent effect on lipid metabolic parameters mentioned above. These results suggest that an exogenous source of myo-inositol may be of importance to animals fed sucrose when compared to rats fed cornstarch.

SUMMARY 14

NO	11-14
Theme	An Interaction between Ganglioside and Neurotrans-Amines
Reporter	Tatsuo Ido, Susumu Sasaki and Michiko Adachi
Position	Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.101-106
Summary	Ganglioside (GM1) binding octylsepharose (CL-4B) column was prepared for the measurement of an interaction between ganglioside and amines by the method of on affinity chromatography. Every amine had an affinity to this column with an increased elution volume (PBS-K or PBS-Ca) as compared to the control column (CL-4B only). The most of these affinities were based on an acid-base interaction because of a linear correlation between the elution volume and the basicity of amine. Serotonin, curare and 3-methoxtyoramine had more strong affinities including the specific interactions with glycoconjugates than the acid-base interactions. Acetylcholine and dopamine had the weak affinities resulted from the interfering effects of binding to ganglioside. This interaction may cause to increase the opportunity of the receptor-binding of Neurotrans-amine by the delaying the diffusion of amines from synapse gap.

SUMMARY 15

NO	11-15
Theme	Relationship between Blood Test Value and Total Body Fat by BIA Method
Reporter	Yoshikazu Matsuda(1), Yukihiro Ibuki(2), Tosiaki Tokura(3), Takao Ohta(4), Masahiro Nakatsuka(4), Yukio Shibata(5) and Masataka Yoshino(4)
Position	(1)Japan Clinic Co., Ltd., Central Research Institute (2)Ibuki Hospital (3)Tokura Hospital (4)department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University (5)Formerly Aichi Medical University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.107-112
Summary	Obesity causes various sickness such as hyperlipoidemia, diabetic mellitus and hypercholesterolia. Obesity was judged by ideal body weight of body mass index (BMI) those were calculated with body weight and height. But these values did not reflect the body fat. This present report was examined about the health condition of middle-aged general public, and the relationship between total body fat (TBF%) and the blood test values. TBF% was measured by bioelectrorical impedance analysis method. Blood tests was measured on Total Cholesterol, Red Blood Cell, Hematocrit, HDL-Cholesterol, Trigriceride Total Protein GOT, GPT, ALP, γ-GTP, GTT, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure. All tests were enforced in medical examination at Kita-ku in Kyoto city. 3152 persons were measured (male 811,female 2341). 90% of male and of female had some abnormal values in the blood test. Among normal subjects, 28.5% of female was judged as the obesity from TBF% data, whereas 13.7% of male was judged as the fatness. Total Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Trigriceride Total Protein GOT, GPT, ALP, γ-GPT, Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure had the correlation with TBF %.

SUMMARY 16

NO	11-16
Theme	On the Antioxidants in the Extracts of Rooibos Tea
Reporter	Masatoshi Yoshino(1), Y. Ito(1), Toshiaki Mizuno(1), Mikinori Sugawara(2)
Position	(1)Institute of Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University (2)Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.113-116
Summary	Rooibos is a kind of herbal tea, which is originated in South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to clarify Con A-Sepharose associated substances in Rooibos tea. Main mineral contents of Rooibos tea are almost the same as human body fluids (extra-cellular fluids plus intra-cellular fluids). The con A-Sepharose associated substances have relatively high values of velocity constant against superoxide radicals. From these results, it is suggested that scavengers and an ideal mineral balance in Rooibos tea prevent some adult and geriatric diseases.

SUMMARY 17

NO	11-17
Theme	Effect of Whey Mineral Complex on Bone Metabolism in Rats
Reporter	Kenichi Tsuruta, Miho Hirabayashi, Tohru Matsui, Hideo Yano
Position	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.117-120
Summary	The effect of whey mineral complex (WMC) on bone metabolism was studied in growing male rats. The diets containing WMC, defatted WMC, or CaCO3 were fed to 7 animals in each group for 28 days. Calcium level in each diet was 0.5%. The length, width and volume of the femur were not different among all group than in the CaCO3 group. On the other hand, the femoral dry weight and the crude ash contents in the defatted WMC group were not different from that in the CaCO3 group. These were the same tendency in breaking energy of the femur as observed in dry weight and crude ash contents. Bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphates, an index of bone resorption, tended to be lower in the WMC group than the CaCO3 group. These results suggest that WMC increases bone contents and its mechanical strength. Fat-soluble components of WMC may affect bone metabolism and, thus, may improve bone quality.

SUMMARY 18

NO	11-18
Theme	Mineral changed with age in bone of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)
Reporter	Akemi Morita, Mieko Kimura and Yoshinori Itokawa
Position	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.121-129
Summary	The effect of aging on the mineral status in bone was studied using two strains (SAMP1 and SAMR1) of senescence accelerates mouse. Two month old, 6 month old female SAMP1 and SAMR1 mice were fed a commercial diet, Iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium and potassium concentrations in tibia of the mince were determined. In SAMP1, the iron concentration of 2 month old mice was higher than that of older mice and a significant difference was detested between 2 and month old mice of SAMP1 was significantly lower than that of SAMR1. In SAMR1, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentration of 2 month old mice was significantly higher than that of 10 month old. With respect of aging, the results on iron may reflect a decrease of bone marrow hemopoiesis in SAMP1.

SUMMARY 19

NO	11-19
Theme	Evaluation on ionized calcium as a nutrient
Reporter	H. Chen, Mieko Kimura, Z. Zhu, Yoshinori Itokawa
Position	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.131-138
Summary	To clarify effect of ionized calcium water for drinking water in rats, 36 Male Wister rats weighing about 50g were randomly divided into 6 groups, and given following diet and drinking water : (1) Ca-sufficient diet, tap-water; (2) Ca-sufficient diet, tap-water;(3) Ca-sufficient diet, calcium lactate added-ionized calcium-water : (4) Ca-deficient diet, calcium lactate added-water ; (5) Ca deficient diet, calcium lactate added-water :(6) Ca-deficient diet, calcium lactate added ionized calcium-water. The diets were given by paired-feeding method 4 weeks and drinking water was ad libitum. The significant change of calcium concentration in the rats were was follows; Ca concentration of plasma, spleen, of plasma, spleen, kidney, testis and tibia in Ca deficient groups (4), (5), (6) were significantly low compared with these in Ca sufficient groups (1),(2),(3) Ca concentration in brain of groups (4),(5),(6) was low compared to these in groups (2), Ca concentration in heart and muscle of group (4) was low compared to Ca deficient groups (1),(2),(3), but these in group (5) drank Ca added-water was recovered and these in group (6) drand ionized-Ca-water was higher than these in any other groups. Ca concentration of liver in groups (4) were significantly lower than that in group (1),(3) and Ca concentration of liver in Ca deficient rats (groups (5),(6)) drank Ca-added-water were high compared to these in group (4). In 24 hours urine discharge of group(2) was high compared with groups (4), (5), (6). These results suggest that ionized Ca in drinking water may be active for intestinal absorption.

SUMMARY 20

NO	11-20
Theme	Absorption, and balance of minerals in elderly people
Reporter	Toyoko Okuda(1), Hiroko Miyosi-Nishimura(1),Takako Tomoda(1), Toshiko Matsudaira(1), Hideo Konishi(1),and Daisuke Fujita(2),
Position	(1)Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University (2)Kyoto Interdisciplinary Institute of Community Medicine
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.139-143
Summary	The calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium status of elderly people was studied on 3 Healthy men(74.1 ± 2.9 years old; mean ± SD) and 16 healthy women (71.9 ± 2.5 years old) living in Kyoto. We carried out balance studies and dietary surveys by the weighting method for three consecutive days. The mean daily intakes of energy and nutrients fulfilled the recommended dietary allowance for Japanese of their sex, age, weight and degree of physical actively correlated with fecal dry weight, except for magnesium in women. Women's absorption rate of calcium (2 ± 38%) was lower that men's (23 ± 30%). The mean calcium balance was approximately at equilibrium (-0.6 ± 3.0mg/kg) for men and negative (-1.8 ± 4.1mg/kg) for women. The apparent absorption rate of phosphorus was about 60%, and phosphorus was approximately balanced in both sexes. The apparent absorption rate of magnesium was about 15% in both sexes. The calcium balance was negatively correlated with the fecal weight.

SUMMARY 21

NO	11-21
Theme	Iron Overload Secondary to Selenium Deficiency Changes the Electrocardiographic Pattern in Rats
Reporter	Nawarath Chareonpong-Kawamoto and Kyoden Yasumoto
Position	Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.145-150
Summary	Selenium (Se) deficiency causes an abnormal hematological profile in animals, and an increased accumulation of iron in various organs. The aim of study was to investigate whether excess iron has a direct effect on cardiac muscle, leading to increased abnormalities in heart functions, as observed in Keshan disease. Male Wister rats fed either of following Torula yeast-based Se-deficient [Se (-)] or Se-adequate [Se (+)] (containing 0.1 ppm Se sodium selenite) diet for 8 weeks. The animals were injected intramuscularly with iron-dextran (totaling 500 mg of iron). Iron concentrations in the liver and spleen as well as the percentage of transferring saturation were significantly higher in Se (-) tats without iron overload than in Se (+) rats without iron overload. However, iron concentrations in the sera, heats and kidneys did not significantly differ between the groups. Se (-) and Se (+) rats with iron overload allowed a 2 to 40-fold increase in iron concentrations of all tissues examined, and 2-fold increase in the percentage of transferring saturation, regardless of Se status. Se (-) rats with and without iron overload and Se (+) with iron overload all showed a greater T-wave height, a depression of S-T segment and a shallow S-wave. There was a 2-fold increase in T-wave height in Se (-) rats with iron overload compared with Se (-) rats without iron overload. The conclusion derived is that electrocardiogram is abnormal in Se deficiency, probably due to increased myocardial iron deposits.

SUMMARY 22

NO	11-22
Theme	Hemoglobin Regeneration in Anemic Rats by Feeding Hemosiderin as Source of Iron
Reporter	Ratchanee Kongkachuichai and Kyoden Yasumoto
Position	Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.151-155
Summary	Bioavailability of iron in ferrous sulfate and hemosiderin, which was prepared from pig liver in the laboratory, was evaluated in terms of hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE%) in anemic rats. Twenty-four male rats of Wister strain were made anemic by feeding a casein-based, iron-deficient diet for 21 days. The anemic rats were divided into 4 groups and fed, for additional 30 days, the iron-deficient diet without (negative control group) or with supplementation of ferrous sulfate at 24 or 36 mg Fe/kg diet (24- or 36- reference group), or the experimental diet group receiving hemosiderin iron at 36 mg Fe/kg diet (hemosiderin group). Relative biological values (RBV) , evaluated as HRE% by assuming RBV of 100 for the 24-reference group, were 86 and 90% for the 36-reference and hemosiderin groups, respectively. The results obtained indicate that iron in hemosiderin is biologically available as highly as ferrous sulfate is. This observation is in sharp contrast to the previously held notion of the poor Bioavailability of hemosiderin iron.

SUMMARY 23

NO	11-23
Theme	Effect of Low Dietary Rubidium on Trace Element Status in Rats
Reporter	Katsuhiko Yokoi, Mieko Kimura and Yoshinori Itokawa
Position	Department of Social Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.157-160
Summary	To clarify the effects of the low rubidium diet on trace element status (ion, copper and zinc), eighteen male Wister rats, 4 weeks old, were divided into two groups and fed control (rubidium level, 8,12mg/kg) or low rubidium diet (0.54mg/kg) for 11 weeks. Compared with the control diet, the rats diet the low rubidium diet had lowers rubidium concentration in tissues. The rats fed the low rubidium diet had higher iron concentration in muscle than the rats fed the control diet. The rats fed the low rubidium diet had lower copper concentration in heart, liver and spleen, and the higher copper concentration in kidney than the rats fed the control diet. The rats fed the low rubidium diet had the lower zinc concentration in plasma and testis the rats fed the control diet. These results suggest that the low rubidium diet causes the depletion of rubidium tissues and affects the status of iron, copper and zinc.

SUMMARY 24

NO	11-24
Theme	Insulin-mimetic Action of Vanadyl Complexes and Distribution of Vanadium
Reporter	Hiromi Watanabe, Masami Nakai,Kyoko Kawakawa and Hiromu Sakurai
Position	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.161-165
Summary	Vanadyl sulfate (VS) and sulfur ligand-vanadyl complexes such as bis (N.N-diemethyldithiocarbamato) oxovanadium [V-M], bis (N.N-diehyldithiocarbamato) oxovanadium [V-E], bis (pyrrolidine-N- carbodithioato) oxovanadium [V-P] inhibited dose dependently the release of free fatty acid (FFA) from rat adipocytes. Among them, V-P complex was found to be the most effective complex. Therefore, the V-P complex was begin to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-rats) orally or intraperitoneally to examine the effect of the complex in vivo. Blood glucose levels of STZ-rats dropped from hyperglycemic levels to the normal range within one ore two days after treatment with V-P complex. In normal rats treated with V-P complex, vanadium distributed in almost tissues, especially in bone and kidney. But in rats treated due to V-P complex is lower than that of VS, indicating that V-P complex is a good agent to treat the diabetes.

SUMMARY 25

NO	11-25
Theme	Effects of Zinc Deficiency On Body Composition of Rats in Different Growth Stages
Reporter	Ilyas A., Matsui T., Yano H.
Position	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.167-170
Summary	Rats of three different ages, i. e., 4 weeks old (stage 1), 5 weeks old (stage 2), and 7 weeks old (stage 3) were assigned to four groups, as follows: initiation, zinc-deficiency, ad libitum control and pair-fed control with 8 rats in each group. Before and 4 weeks after the initiation of feeding trials in each growth stage, animals were sacrificed and plasma zinc concentration and body composition were measured. In the earlier 2 stages, contents of protein, fat and ash were less in the zinc-deficient animals than the pair-fed control. And the ratio of fat/protein was lower in the zinc-deficient animals than the pair-fed ones. It is suggested that zinc deficiency more severely impaired the deposition of fat than that of protein of in the younger rats. On the other hand, these impairments disappeared in the last stage when fat deposition most rapidly occurred in ad libitum groups. It appeared that the suppressive effects of feeding the Zinc-deficient diet were attenuated in the latter growth stage. It is well known that the reduction of growth rate and anorexia occur in zinc deficient animals. Although the anorexia induced the retardation of growth, Miller et al.1) indicated that growth was impaired by moderate zinc deficiency in piglets prior to the reduction of appetite. It was also shown that, in zinc deficient animals, weights of most organs were less than those of pair-fed or as libitum controls.2, 3) On the other hand, Park et al,4) showed that gain of muscle was less than that of overall weight and suggested that zinc deficiency affected muscle synthesis more obviously than other components of weight gain. Because the components of gain are changed during growth stages, the suppressive effect of zinc deficiency might be different with growth stages.

SUMMARY 26

NO	11-26
Theme	Behavior of Magnesium in Magnesium deficient Mice using No-carrier-Added Magnesium-28
Reporter	Syuichi Kimura(1), Kenichi Nakatsugawa(1), Michiko Kitahara(1), Tomoko Hori(1), Miyuki Fujisaki(1), Mieko Kawamura(2), Ran Iwata(3), Yoshihito Funaki(3), Tatsuo Ido(3)
Position	(1)Syowa Women's University (2)Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University (3)Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University
Volume	The 11th Symposium on Trace Nutrients Research(1994)
P	P.171-175
Summary	The preparation of no-carrier added Mg-28 (half-life 20.9h β, γ) from a pure Al target irradiated by an a-particle beam has been developed for its biological use. Mg-28 in mice fed the magnesium-sufficient diet had a remarkable accumulation in the kidney, heart, bone and liver. The radioactivity decreased with time in the kidney, heart and blood. The brain uptake was not as high. The radioluminograms presenter an accumulation of Mg-28 mainly in heart, kidney, bone and glandula submandibularis in control mouse fed the magnesium-sufficient diet. The radioluminograms of a mouse fed the magnesium-deficient diet revealed high accumulations of Mg-28 in the heart, kidney, gut, and submaillry gland compared with that of control.

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